October 5, 2013

Ruptured reboiler caused fire?

A company news release about the explosion at their Geismar plant indicates the following:

"According to the preliminary findings three main factors in combination with one another contributed to the incident:
>      The unexpected presence of liquid hydrocarbons in the reboiler in standby mode
>      The introduction of heat into this standby reboiler
>      The pressure relief system was isolated from the reboiler which was in standby mode"
Read the news release in this link.
It is heartening to see this news release on the company's website itself. In India, we are still waiting news about the investigation about the cooling tower explosion in a refinery!!

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October 3, 2013

"This is your pilot sleeping"

A recent incident in a British airline where both the pilot and copilot dosed off because of lack of adequate sleep in the previous nights highlights the importance of fatigue management in the chemical industry, too. While the chance of a control room operator in a common control room in a chemical unit to fall asleep unnoticed is less, fatigue often impairs judgement and reaction. For plants using process simulators for training, it is worth to take the trainee through a series of night shift training sessions so that he himself feels the difference.
Read about the incident in this link.

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October 1, 2013

Emergency exits

Thanks to Mr Salim Akthar for sharing news about a fatality in a cement plant where a person died due to lack of proper emergency egress. The incident occurred when the persons went to attend to a cement extraction problem in a silo.  As the choke suddenly cleared, the victim panicked and it appears that while trying to escape from the exit staircase his forehead struck against some equipment / obstruction on the way. He died due to the impact. This incident highlights the importance of emergency exits while performing non routine jobs.


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September 23, 2013

Possible dust explosion during hot work

Thanks to Sujith for sending information on a possible dust explosion in a tank storing HDPE in Korea, during welding work. The news article in the Korea Joongang Daily mentions:
"The sudden and massive blast hit the plant, located at the Yeosu Industrial Complex, at around 9 p.m. Thursday, catching workers engaged in welding off guard, some falling 30 meters (98.4 feet) down from the tank to the ground, according to witness accounts.
The death toll is likely to rise as five of the 11 wounded are reportedly severely burned. Firefighters contained the fire within 10 minutes after the blast.
The plant, owned by Daelim Industrial, was undergoing maintenance work at the time.
Workers were welding a door into the tank to make an entrance so the company could send inspectors in to examine the interior, the company said. 

“We checked if there was remaining gas in the tank every time workers were put to work, thus multiple times a day,” said an official with Daelim’s public relations team, who requested anonymity.
“Each time, the result was zero. There was no gas lingering in the tank and thus that was not what caused the explosion.” 


Read the article in this link.


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Hot work accidents

We keep hearing about hot work accidents and loss of life. They are totally preventable and we need to apply basic precautions. See a powerpoint on welding cutting and brazing in this link.

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September 19, 2013

State of preparedness for chemical emergencies

A news report in the Times of India indicates that are 380 "Major Accident Hazard" (MAH) prone industrial units, of which 331are operational in Gujarat.  It also mentions that toxic chemicals with more than 5,000 MT tonnes storages in Gujarat are acrylonitrile, ammonia, benzene, chlorobenzene, chloroform, cyclohexanone, ethylene dichloride, hydrogen, cyanide, P-xylene, styrene monomer and toluene. The report specifies the gaps in infrastructure required for chemical emergency preparedness. Read the report in this link.

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September 15, 2013

Inherent safety and LOPA

A Chemical Engineering friend of mine (Vijay) who has about 35 years of experience in Process Industry wrote in to say this:

"Participated in a LOPA study involving pyrophoric materials. However, what struck me was people failed to understand intrinsic safe and unsafe. They did not grasp that giving high SIL rank and spending lot more on SIL certified instrumentation does not buy any increased safety from accidents that can occur when a pyrophoric material is handled. Only a process change can make things safer, not SIL certification or LOPA for inherently unsafe processes. This also happens to be the message of Fukushima. But people dont get it".

There is a strong lesson in his message!!
 
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September 12, 2013

HPCL refinery fire death toll increases to 27

The latest figure indicates 27 people have died till now in the HPCL cooling tower fire. I feel very sad when newpaper articles mention the death toll, also mention that only one HPCL employee was killed in the incident. A life is a life whether it is a contract worker or employee.
I am waiting for any news about the investigation. Any one know anything about the investigation findings?

Novel solution to flange leaks due to thermal expansion

Often, flanges leak due to the thermal expansion difference between the flange material and the fasteners.  An interesting article by a company that deals with such leaks. Read the article in this link.
PS: This is for information only.

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September 9, 2013

Another confined space fatality due to nitrogen

On 18th May an engineer in a refinery in Iran died when he entered a vessel filled with nitrogen. Time and again we keep hearing about deaths due to nitrogen. What are you doing to raise awareness of your employees about the hazards of nitrogen?
Read this article in EHS today.


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September 7, 2013

Ammonia leak kills 7

Closely following on the heels of the ammonia leak in a cold storage facility in China, an ammonia leak in a factory in Gujarat has reportedly killed 7 people.
Ammonia is used in cold storage facilities as it is a refrigerant. However the large number of leaks and incidents in India and in the World indicates that cold storage owners do not give adequate importance to safety while handling ammonia. As part of Responsible Care, companies manufacturing and selling ammonia to cold storage users may assist in training the users on the hazards of ammonia. Read about the incident  in this link.


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September 4, 2013

Hydrogen sulphide -the deadly killer

Unconfined spaces are also dangerous as far as hydrogen sulphide is concerned. Be careful when working near a potential source of hydrogen sulphide, even though it may be in open space. Two case studies of accidents involving hydrogen sulphide are given in this link.

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September 2, 2013

Emergency response after the HPCL fire accident

The death toll in the fire accident in the cooling tower at HPCL, Visakh has climbed to 19. It is very sad to see so many lives lost. A specialist doctor laments the state of emergency preparedness of the hospitals to handle burn victims. We never seem to learn from the lessons of Bhopal. We seem to have have a learning disability as far as emergency preparedness goes, as it is assumed it will never happen. Read the article in the Times Of India where a leading doctor blasts the state of emergency preparedness after the accident in this link.

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September 1, 2013

Accident during dewatering pipeline after hydrotest

An accident where two workers during the de-watering of natural gas pipelines after hydrotest as they were struck by temporary de-watering piping, which was not properly anchored and broke loose from its coupling from excessive air pressure. Read about the incident in this link.

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August 28, 2013

Gas leak into cooling towers

In an article in the Hindu dated  August 27,2013, it quotes a top official of HPCL saying  "in fact such an accident is first of its kind in the world history. A blast of this kind in the cooling tower in unheard of”.

For those in the process industry, gas leaks into cooling towers are not a one off affair. Heat exchanger tube leaks can cause a surge of gas into cooling towers. I had experienced one such incident  30 years ago. Dr Trevor Kletz, in his book " What Went Wrong" mentions under the category "Heat Exchangers", in page 105, the following incident "A leak in another heat exchanger allowed flammable gas to enter a cooling water return line. Welding, which was being carried out on the cooling tower ignited the gas. The atmosphere in the cooling tower had been tested before work started, 5 hours earlier"

Cooling towers are often falsely thought to be harmless, but they can become killing towers in no time.


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HPCL refinery cooling tower fire incident

Refinery safety mechanism goes for a toss

Vizag refinery fire - a cause for concern

Visiting VIPs' face angry protests

 
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August 27, 2013

Gas leak into system caused the explosion in the cooling tower in refinery?

 Read this article in the Hindu in this link.

 
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August 25, 2013

Data on process incidents lacking even in USA

I read an interesting article in Dallas News which mentions that lack of data on chemical accidents is a big issue in USA. Just imagine...if this is the state in the USA which has the Chemical Safety Board and other agencies to investigate process incidents, imagine the plight in India!
The article mentions that out of 22000 chemical units in USA just 100 are members of ACC which requires data on accidents to be made public. The article ends in this note:
“Why would a company or organization do data checking? They might do it because there is a liability risk. They might do it because they feel it’s the right thing to do,” Podgurski said in an interview. “But even in an honest organization, deadline financial pressures will mitigate those efforts.”
Read the article in this link.


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August 24, 2013

Video of cooling tower fire

Details are still sketchy but it appears that the explosion/fire occurred during charging of water to the tower. We have to wait and see whether the investigation details will be made public. Meanwhile see a video of the fire in this link. 

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August 23, 2013

Explosion in refinery...

News just filtering in about an explosion in HPCL Visakhapatnam refinery in a cooling tower area. Reportedly one person was killed. Read about the news in this link.

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Ammonia leak incident in Mexico

Thanks to Mr Gnanasundaram for sharing news of an ammonia leak in a ammonia pipeline that has reportedly killed 7 people in Mexico. Apparently the leak occurred during excavation for a highway project. Read about the incident in this link. 


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August 21, 2013

Ammonia from the wind

I read an article where researchers have managed to produce hydrogen that is needed for ammonia synthesis using wind energy. So, if successful on a large scale, the reformer in the ammonia plant will become redundant.....inherently safer?
Read the article in this link.

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August 18, 2013

Explosion in plant

An explosion and fire in a chemical recycling plant in the USA is most likely due to a "chemical reaction". It is estimated that about 1000 barrels exploded in the fire. Luckily there were no fatalities. Read about the incident and see videos in this link.


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August 15, 2013

Human factor incident

In a plant having two identical flare systems, a permit was issued to open a flange in a KO drum connected to a flare which was out of service. the maintenance personnel instead opened a flange of a live flare which was venting as, thus creating an emergency. 
Have you identified such human factor hazards in your facility? Ask your operators and they will tell you.

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August 12, 2013

Hot work or Cold work?

An incident where a person passed away in a tank explosion revealed that the work permit that was used in the facility was a single permit for both hot work as well as cold work. The issuer had to tick mark whether it was a hot work or cold work to be done and take the appropriate precautions. The permit was issued without marking whether it was hot work or cold work to be carried out. Lack of this clarity led to a hammering operation with a ordinary hammer taking place at the top of the tank which had flammable material inside. The spark produced during hammering fell into the tank through an opening and the tank exploded. 

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August 7, 2013

5 people killed in ammonia leak in ammonia plant

Thanks to Balu for sending information on a ammonia leak in a ammonia plant that has killed 5 people in Ukraine. You can see the picture of the accident and details in this link.
Read another article in this link. 

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August 6, 2013

Confined space fire incident

I had just posted the previous post on causes of confined space incident when I was told of an incident where a non flameproof light fitting was taken inside a newly painted vessel to check the interior painting quality. The flammable vapors inside caught fire and two people inside the confined space were seriously injured. Treat your work permit system with respect. Over a period of time they tend to get relaxed.

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August 5, 2013

Recurring causes of confined space incidents

Read a good article on recurring causes of confined space incidents (with incidents) in this link.

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August 2, 2013

Pipe explosion during hydrotest

An explosion in a chemical plant in China was reportedly during a hydrotest of a hydrogen pipeline. Read the incident in this link. 

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July 31, 2013

Lessons from Hazira fire

With reference to my previous post about a fire in a refinery, a fire had occurred in January 2013 in a oil depot of IOC at Hazira.that Killed 5 workers. The investigation report of that incident mentions that  the root cause of the incident was ignition of flammable vapours inside a floating roof tank pontoon.It appears that the pontoon was earlier repaired with old corroded plates that led to the leak. The cause of ignition was most likely a spark generated due to a falling object.


Read the report in this link.

See a video of the fire in this link. 


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July 29, 2013

Operator dies in flare KO drum area fire

A fire in a flare KO drum area has killed an operator in an IOC refinery in Koyali.  The incident occurred on 16th July and the operator succumbed to his burns on 25th July. While the reasons for the incident are being investigated, please remember that Flare systems are emergency safety systems and that we need to pay them great attention. Often fires get reported due to water seals blowing, overflows from flare stacks, and inadequate maintenance. Are you giving your flare systems the same importance as a single stream rotating equipment?

Read the news article about the incident in this link. 

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July 25, 2013

MOC survey results

Thank you to the participants of the MOC survey
Results are given below:



Total participants: 45
What do you feel is the weakest link in your MOC program?
Lack of commitment by top management                              21.7%   
Too elaborate and complicated                                               29.7%   
Lack of time                                                                            48.6%
Do you have adequate time to conduct a PSSR?
Yes                                                                                          64.9%
No                                                                                            35.1%
Do you feel the PHA conducted as part of MOC is really bringing out all process hazards?
Yes                                                                                         48.6%
No                                                                                           51.4%
What is the greatest challenge to your MOC program?
Majority answered that it is lack of proper engineering documentation



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July 21, 2013

3D virtual simulator for chemical plants

Now this is one technology driven change that sure is going to benefit process safety! The Department of Energy is running a program with West Virginia University to test 3D virtual simulators for training process plant simulators. Read an article about this in this link.

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July 18, 2013

Accident in urea plant in 1992 - Are you taking precautions?

 In 1992, while doing maintenance work on an ammonia feed pump in a urea plant in India, 11 persons died due to sudden ingress of ammonia reportedly due to a failed suction valve bush.What precautions are you taking when handing over equipment for maintenance to prevent such incidents?
Read the incident in this link.

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July 15, 2013

A balloon causes a refinery outage!

A news report indicates that a refinery in the US experienced a "momentary power problem that prompted a plant restart". Apparently, the problem was caused by a Mylar balloon that got caught in power lines supplying the refinery. Read the article in this link.

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July 12, 2013

Explosion in solvent tank

An explosion took place in a solvent tank that was part of a process that was being started up for the first time. It is reported that the explosion took place even though there was a nitrogen blanketing system of the tank. When you start a plant for the first time or after any modifications, be very careful. Humans make mistakes and especially during the time pressures for commissioning.


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July 11, 2013

Management of Change survey

Dear Readers,
Kindly take a few minutes to complete a Management of Change survey (6 questions, multiple choice) in this link.

Date of closing of survey is 24.7.13. Results will be published in blog. Thank you for your participation.


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July 8, 2013

Operating discipline!

For those of you folks who are practicing behavior based safety in your organisation to improve safety culture, see this very educational video in this link. 


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July 4, 2013

An organisations take on Safety Culture

In an article in Power Magazine, I read about a company called NV Energy who have developed a very good safety culture and it shows in their accident stats. You may argue that they are a small organization but I believe what they are doing is also applicable to big organizations.

 Read the article in this link.


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July 1, 2013

3d printed chemical reactor achieved

Further to my last post, "Scientists in the UK have used reactors made on a 3D printer to complete a three stage organic synthesis. The reagents, catalyst and purification step for the synthesis are completely integrated into the chambers of the sealed reactor. When the reactor is rotated, gravity pulls reactants through the different chambers to complete the synthesis".

Read the article in this link.
The next step in process safety may well be micro reactors and micro plants.......stay tuned!! 

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June 28, 2013

3d printing and process safety

The news has been full of reports of how a company put their plan for 3D printing of a plastic gun on the net and how one person was even able to fire a bullet from it. It appears right now that the printer prints using plastic material. The advantages claimed are accuracy, less wastage. An article by Bloomberg  "Your future will be made by 3D printers" is interesting to read.

In the future, maybe 3D printing will improve process safety by eliminating manufacturing defects!!


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June 25, 2013

Drones for flare tip inspection

While we read about drones being used for military purposes, here is another use for them -a refinery has used a drone fitted with a camera for inspection of the flare tip while refinery was in operation. Now this is what I call as innovative usage of technology! Read the article in this link. 

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June 21, 2013

A confined space fatality

Three years ago, a experienced person (17 years experience) lost his life when he entered a space inside a ship that was inerted with nitrogen. This, through he was trained and experienced.
 Read the accident report in this link.

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June 17, 2013

Another hot work tank explosion

A refinery in China experienced a hot work accident that killed two workers. Apparently the tank in which the accident took place was decommissioned. Ensure you take all precautions when doing hot work on tanks.
Read the news articles in these links:
Tank explosion 1
Tank explosion 2

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June 15, 2013

Vessel blast kills one

In a fertilizer manufacturing facility very close to the Louisana unit, one person was killed when a vessel ruptured when it was being pressurized with nitrogen.
Read about the incident in this link.

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Photos of the fire in chemical plant

See photos of the fire in the chemical plant in Louisana in this link

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June 14, 2013

Explosion in chemical plant

An explosion in a chemical plant (manufacturing ethylene/propylene) in Louisana has killed one person and injured several. We have to wait for the CSB to investigate and report the findings.
Read about the incident in this link
Watch the video in this link.

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June 11, 2013

Rescuers die in a confined space rescue

A tragic accident where two rescuers lost their lives trying to rescue two persons who had lost consciousness inside a chimney is reported in a bio gas plant under construction in Thailand. This incident stresses the need for training would be rescuers. World over, many deaths continue to occur as rescuers enter confined space without proper protection and loose their lives. Read the incident in this link. 

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June 8, 2013

Process safety leadership survey results

A total of 55 readers undertook the survey and I thank them for their participation. The results are given below:
 

1. How much do you think are your top management really committed to process safety?
Very much                                                         39.2 %   
Sometimes                                                        25.9%   
Needs improvement
(they say something and do something else)  34.9%   

2. In times of production problems, do you think process safety gets bypassed according to the urgency?
 Yes                    22.9%   
Sometimes        60.4%   
Never                 16.7%   

3. Do your PSM audit findings receive adequate follow up from top management?
 Yes                                                46.8%   
Needs improvement                      53.2%   

4. Do your inspection departments findings get overruled by top management to maintain production?
 Yes, but with a technical basis     47.9%   
Yes, without a technical basis       25.0%   
No, never                                       27.1%   

5. Do you get contradicting signals from top management regarding process safety?
 No, never              41.7%  
Yes, sometimes    56.3%   
Yes, always           2.0%     

6. Do you feel the root cause analysis of process incidents and near misses really bring out the root causes?
Yes                       72.9%   
No                         27.1%   

                             
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June 1, 2013

Lessons from the near miss at Heathrow airport

Last week, a plane had to make an emergency landing at Heathrow airport soon after take off as one of the engines failed. No one was injured. Preliminary investigations have revealed that the engine cowls (covers) on both the engines were left unlocked and came off during take off, damaging the engine and other parts.
The air accident investigation board's report indicates that there had been 32 previously reported fan cowl door detachment events, 80% of which had occurred during the takeoff phase of flight!

Read the report in this link. 



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May 28, 2013

Survey on Process Safety leadership

Dear Readers,
Request you to participate in a survey I have created for process safety leadership. There are seven multiple choice questions and would take very less time to fill it. Your responses will be anonymous.
Survey results will be published on the blog. Survey closing date is 6.6.13. Thank you!

Take the survey in this link. 



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May 24, 2013

Fire in HPCL refinery

A fire that lasted about 6 hours has been reported in a refinery at Visakhapatnam. No casulaties were reported. Read about the incident by Indian Express in these links

Major fire at HPCL Visakha refinery

Fire: Emergency systems saved HPCL


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May 21, 2013

May 18, 2013

Process Safety for fresh engineers

I often get fresh engineers sending me e-mails about a career in process safety. I tell them that they must have a minimum of 10 years in operational experience to really think about a career in process safety. Process Safety cannot be learnt only from textbooks - it needs a deeper understanding on how organisations work and the human issues involving process safety. ASME has brought out a video about process safety for fresh engineers in this link.

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May 14, 2013

Wireless and explosion proof instruments

 Read a good article on wireless instruments and how they can be made explosion proof or intrinsically safe in this link.
PS: The article is for information only and I am not recommending any product.
 
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May 10, 2013

Flash fire in plastics unit in USA

On May 2nd, a flash fire occurred at a major plastics producer in the USA.This site had experienced a major fire in 2005 which the CSB had investigated. In the current fire it was reported that few workers were burned.
See a video and news article in this link

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May 8, 2013

Behaviour Based Safety - Take it with a pinch of salt!

I am always of the view that if behavior based safety has to succeed, the behavior of top management should be corrected first. For example, in an organization if top management keep saying safety is important and do not support their actions with visible and cost committed actions, nothing will change. The Indian culture follows the rule "the boss is always right". So in most Indian organisations, it is something short of blasphemy to observe and report top managements behaviour!
When I was working as a Plant manager 25 years ago, the bosses right up to the top were always displaying the correct behaviour mainly because they were technocrats and had command over the other non technocrats in the organization. The United Steel Workers union in USA has a take on behavior based safety which is worth reading from this link. (large file...be patient).

 Do you have a BBS program going on in your facility? I would like to seek feedback from you about your experience.

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May 6, 2013

Welder killed in sulphuric acid tank accident

News reports indicate a welder was killed yesterday at a Chemical manufacturing plant in South India when the lid of a sulphuric acid tank burst "when he was trying to open it". Further details are not known.
Time and again we are seeing repeats of sulphuric acid tank explosions. Train your operators about the hazards of sulphuric acid tanks and hydrogen generation in the tanks due to corrosion of carbon steel.

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Chemical freight Train accident in Belgium

A news article mentions a freight train accident in Belgium. The train was reportedly carrying acrylonitrile. One person reported dead and 49 injured. Read the article in this link.

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May 3, 2013

Another reason to ban mobiles in chemical plants

In 2011, a medical evacuation helicopter crashed in the USA killing all four occupants including a patient. The NTSB has concluded that constant texting by the pilot on his mobile was a contributing cause of the accident. He ran out of fuel. A news article mentions that "It was the first fatal commercial aircraft accident investigated by the National Transportation Safety Board in which texting has been implicated. And it underscored the board's worries that distractions from electronic devices are a growing factor in incidents across all modes of transportation — planes, trains, cars, trucks and even ships."
Now this is another reason to ban mobiles in chemical plants!

Read more: http://www.foxnews.com/us/2013/04/10/pilot-texting-contributed-to-copter-crash-ntsb-says/#ixzz2RONCSQmc


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May 1, 2013

Ammonia tanker accident

An ammonia tanker incident on the Pune Solapur road that killed two persons has been reported in the newspapers. Apparently the driver dozed off.
In India as well as around the world, there are a large number of accidents involving ammonia being used in refrigeration systems in dairies etc. All the ammonia manufacturers must get together to adopt a drive to educate end users about the hazards of ammonia and its safe handling and transportation

Read about the road tanker accident in this link.


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