Process safety - Gasket failures

Gasket failures contribute to a large number of leaks and some of them could be catastrophic. With skill levels going down in India, sometimes a simple gasket that is improperly fixed could cause a big disaster. Are you training your technicians on the intricacies of selecting and fitting gaskets?  A good article by Garlock on the causes and cost of gasket failure highlight the various issues that are simple but are often forgotten.
Read the article in this link.
  
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Safety supervisor arrested in paint shop fire

A safety supervisor was arrested for a fire in a paint shop in a tyre factory. Another manager was also arrested for the fire that killed three Persons.
Read the article in this link. 

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Emergency situations and tiredness

An article in the Times Of India mentions that Air India cabin crew have started a campaign protesting the extra hours they were forced to work.The article mentions that the cabin crews alertness is most important in emergency situation and evacuations where time is of the essence. In a chemical plant, during emergencies, it is very similar to emergency situations in planes and the operating crew needs to be alert. When I was shift in charge and had operators continuing on overtime, (especially from evening to night shift), I have seen the errors committed by these operators during emergencies. It is a human need for rest and you cannot fight it. Look at your staffing requirements properly and ensure that competent people are available in adequate numbers.

Read the article in this link.


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Gas blowthrough incident

A gas blowthrough incident caused  H2S release from a tank roof. The cause of the gas blowthrough was due to a level control valve failure.Read the incident in this link.

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Pressure vessels and hazards

A US EPCRA newsletter highlights the rupture hazards of pressure vessels and their prevention in their newsletter. It covers case studies also. These are basic precautions to be taken for pressure vessels. Make sure you heed them!
Read the news letter in this link.

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CSB's Chairman's comment on refinery safety

In an article in the San Francisco Chronicle, the Chairman of the CSB has commented on the spate of refinery accidents and says "I recently read some comments in the media suggesting that "accidents will happen" and suggesting that one bad mishap every few years is acceptable. It is not. The oil refinery industry has the resources to do a lot more to enhance process safety and thereby protect workers, neighbors and the country's increasing energy needs".

Read more: http://www.sfgate.com/opinion/openforum/article/Refineries-must-do-more-to-improve-safety-3851977.php#ixzz26DCbMlQz

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Common problems in gas processing facilities

Mr Vimal Kumar has listed 22 common problems faced in gas processing facilities in this link. Worth a read. 


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Tower malfunctions - 50 year history study

A good article by Henry Z Kister on"What caused tower malfunctions in the last 50 years" can be read in this link.

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Responsible Care - to make it work in India

The accident at the fireworks factory in Sivakasi highlights the need for enhancing safety in the chemicals and explosives industry. There are two aspects to safety - one is voluntary and the other is enforcement. I want to talk about the voluntary initiatives. Initiatives like Responsible Care (trademark of American Chemistry Council) etc  are adopted voluntarily by organisations. In India, the awarding of the Responsible Care logo is carried out by the Indian Chemical Council (an organisation of chemical manufacturing units). The proof of the pudding in awarding the logo lies in the company not experiencing any fatal accident after the award of the logo. If any fatal accident does occur in a company that has been awarded the logo, then the logo must be withdrawn by the awarding authority. Unless this happens, the public are not going to develop faith in the process.
In India, for Responsible Care, I suggest that companies must adopt one more code called " mentoring of small scale industry" around the location of the unit. This means that resources for improving the safety in nearby small scale industries must be voluntarily expended by the company. This will have a trickle down effect to improve safety in the whole chemical industry.

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The importance of pre start up safety review

OSHA has cited a company in the US that produces of liquid natural gas through a cryogenic process." The incident occurred while employees were restarting the process. Cryogenic liquids were improperly routed through equipment not rated to withstand extreme cold temperatures, resulting in the explosion and fire.The willful violation is for failing to conduct an analysis of pre-startup safety conditions and systematically managing changes to process-related technology, equipment, procedures and facilities".
Read the citation in this link.

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More pictures of Venezuela refinery fire

National Geographic have some excellent pictures of the Venezuela oil refinery fire in this link. 

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LPG road tanker accident

Thanks to M. Sujith for sending news about a LPG road tanker accident that reportedly has killed 2 persons in Kerala. Read about it in this link.
I hope the lessons learnt are shared publicly.

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Major fire at Pharma factory

A major fire in a pharma plant near Halol has been reported. The cause was apparently a boiler burst. This reportedly caused a solvent fire. Read the article in this link.
 
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Blast and Fire in Venezuela refinery

News reports of a major blast and fire at a large Venezuela oil refinery are pouring in. 26 persons are feared dead. See the news report and watch raw video of the fire in this link
 
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Metrics and process safety

There is a lot of work in progress regarding leading and lagging indicators for process safety performance. While I do not dismiss the importance of the metrics, the problem is that unless the metrics are understood by the board or whoever is interpreting risk through the usage of these metrics, it will just be another non financial number. A dollar metric will grab eyeballs rather than metrics that tell you about leading indicators for process safety. This is the nature of humans. This can be avoided only by having technically competent personnel on the board of chemical companies. I believe things will improve only after it becomes legally necessary to have technically competent persons on the board of chemical companies and make them responsible for process safety management. Otherwise we will only keep seeing newer and newer terminologies but accidents will continue to happen and I will never be out of a job as a Process Safety Consultant!!
I welcome your views.

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Accidents in batch processes

The Safety, Health and Environment Association, Bharuch has posted several incidents on its website. One such incident mentions the following:
"Incident:
During nitration in reactor runaway reaction occurred and suddenly the pressure of reactor raised and explosion took place within few seconds in reactor. Manhole of reactor was opened due to high pressure. Nitric Acid, sulfuric Acid & Benzoic Acid were involved in reaction. In this incident the mixtures of acids were sprayed in process plant, company ground and nearby company. The roof sheets of plant were broken due to explosion. It was sprayed up to about 200 – 300 meters in down wind direction
Cause of Accident:
As per information received from company officials the explosion occurred due to runaway reaction during nitration from reactor of process plant.
Corrective Action
Lime was sprayed on the acidic mixture in whole the affected area in company & on the road also for neutralization. After that the road was washed out with water. Company people also sprayed lime on the acid mixture in their company ground & Process Plant.
Preventive Action
1. Process parameters to be followed strictly.
2. PRV & safety valve to be maintained in working condition with proper venting system.
3. Periodical maintenance & inspection should be done.
4. Employees should be trained in process safety.
5. Laboratory Study for knowledge relative to normal & abnormal known deviation in raw material, Process parameter"

Read more incidents on their website in this link.

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Reducing solvent in batch reactors

Have you done proper analysis before you try to reduce solvents in batch reactors and replace them with more raw material in a bid to increase capacity? An article mentions about the solvent effect on peroxide decomposition and concludes with the following:
"This study is focused on runaway decompositions as they’re more interesting in plant safety and risk analysis, because in the past they have been the cause of severe accidents. In particular solvent influence has been analyzed, proving that a solvent change has always to be tested before applied in reactor scale in order to avoid an anomalous runaway behaviour of the reaction. Screening calorimetry allowed us to analyze these processes in safety and to gain useful results such as onset temperatures, ranges of temperature and pressure evolved by reactions and others. Remember that screening equipments are not adiabatic and data have to be validated by tests run in adiabatic and reaction calorimeters, where real operational conditions (such as agitation and heat transfer) can be simulated; the use of the TSu makes it possible to save time and reduce the number of experiments with laboratory scale calorimeters".

Read the article in this link. 

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Another tank blows its roof!

An explosion in a 80KL emulsifier tank in an asphalt manufacturing tank in USA has blown the roof lid off the tank. The lid was thrown a sizable distance away causing damage to cars and structures. When you look at the video, please realize that many of your storage tanks that store flammable chemicals may be of much bigger capacity and you can imagine the consequence of an explosion in your tank. Follow all your company hot work procedures strictly.
See the news report and video in this link.


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Refinery fire - possible ignition source and some pictures

Initial investigation into the refinery fire in USA reveals that the possible ignition source could have been an idling  fire truck that was already at the scene prior to the pipe rupture. Investigators are also trying to find out why the  40 year old pipe that ruptured was not replaced even though an adjacent pipe was replaced in the turnaround a few months before the incident.
Read the news report in this link.
See "24 strangely beautiful pictures" of the  refinery fire in this link. You can see two plumes of smoke - one from the fire and one from the flare due to the emergency shutdown.

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Jaipur oil depot fire - powerpoint presentation

An excellent presentation on the IOC Jaipur oil depot fire and Government appointed Shri MB Lall's investigation committee recommendations has been made by Shri SK Roy, GM, HSE, IOC. It can be viewed in this link.

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