Major Fire at Pharma Plant

Thanks to Abhay Gujar for sending information about a major fire at a Pharma plant in Punjab. Three people including a General manager and chemist have reportedly died. Did a blast in a reactor cause it? One of the articles mentions that a reactor burst due to "oversteaming".
Unfortunately, such accidents keep occurring in India and other countries also. Batch reactors must be treated with great respect. A solid looking reactor will destroy itself to pieces if it is overpressurised beyond its design limits due to maloperation.
Read the articles in these links:
Link 1
Link 2

Plant explosion kills two - pay heed to your process near misses and incidents

A news article mentions that two workers were killed and two others were seriously injured in an explosion and fire at a West Virginia chemical plant on Thursday afternoon. The explosion occurred at a plant that reprocesses highly flammable potassium titanium fluoride salts, zirconium, and other chemicals for use in the aluminum industry. The article mentions that "It is the fourth fire in the last five years and the second fatal fire since 2006. The AL Solutions plant has been the site of multiple fires since it opened in 1991, then under Jamegy Inc. In 1995, a propane tank exploded, killing one worker and injuring another. Another fire broke out in 1997. On July 18, 2006, a worker was killed when a similar explosion and fire ripped through the foundry of the facility. On December 21, 2006, another blaze broke out after a forklift malfunctioned, setting ablaze a tank filled with titanium. On August 2, 2009, yet another fire erupted as employees were shoveling zirconium into barrels".
Pay heed to your previous incidents and learn lessons from them. Even if you have excellent management systems for process safety, there is no use if the your organisation does not incorporate the learning's of past incidents in its DNA.
Read the article in this link.

Potassium cyanide incident

An incident has occurred where about 200 L of potassium cyanide has leaked into a vessel containing acids which has liberated the highly toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. Many pesticide manufacturing companies also use cyanide for their process and the handling and storage should be done with great care. I had observed a case where rainwater had entered a strongroom storing cyanide and reacted with it. The rain water entered the locked room through a drain which was open to the outside. Manage your toxic chemicals safely or they will manage you. Read the full article in this link.

7 injured in pesticide plant explosion

A news article mentions about an explosion in a pesticide plant in China. It appears to be an explosion in a solvent storage tank. Storage tanks are often not given the importance they deserve. For one thing, they are located away from the plant and the further away from the plant, the more likely it is going to receive less attention. It is a good practice to conduct surprise audits of your storage locations to check any deviations from the safety systems provided.
Read the article ( it has got pictures in page 2 and 3 also) in this link.

Did inferior raw materials cause the cordite factory blast?

A newspaper article reports that insiders of the Cordite factory believe that supply of poor quality material could be to blame for the blast that killed 5 workers on November 25. I have observed that the trend in the industry is to go for the lowest cost (L1). While process safety does not prohibit you from going for the least cost supplier, ensure that you do not create process safety problems due to inferior quality. Read the article in this link.

Chemical Terrorism and mock drills

The department of homeland security in the US has recently conducted a mock drill for a terror attack induced scenario. The scenario was three simultaneous accidents - ammonia leak from rail tanker, sulphuric acid leak from rail tankers and a train derailment with chlorine tankers.
In India, though we do have a Chemical Accidents (emergency planning, preparedness and response) rules, 1996, we have a long way to go before we are truly prepared for what the US is already prepared.
Read the article about the mock drill in this link.

Radioactive sources and process safety

Some instruments use radioactive sources for their functioning. Also, radioactive sources are maintained by large chemical companies who use them for radiography of welds etc. Maintain the radioactive source as per the conditions required by law. In a recent incident, an oil company was fined 300,000 pounds after exposing workers to radiation. The article mentions the following:

"The incident happened while Schlumberger was contracted to undertake wireline logging operations as part of the Maersk drilling programme for the Cawdor oil well. During the process a logging tool fitted with a radioactive source was supposed to be lowered into the well, the court heard. But the lowering process failed and the radioactive source lay on the drill floor for about four hours before being found, during which time 14 workers were exposed to radiation. The Health and Safety Executive said it was "only by good fortune" that the mistake had been discovered before it had more serious consequences"."Had someone held it, even just for a few minutes, they would have received a significant radiation dose which may have resulted in injuries to their hands and increased their risk of developing cancer in later life."

Read the article in this link.

Diving to disaster - lessons from the Air India incident

O   On 26.5.10, Air India express flight (Boeing 737-800 NG aircraft) from Dubai to Pune, when on normal flight, suddenly plunged from 37000 feet to 30200 feet. The commander of the flight had over 6000 hours of flying with 870 hours on similar type of aircraft while the copilot had total of 1310 hours with 968 hours on similar type of aircraft. The commander was 39 years old and the copilot was 26 years old. The commander went out of the cockpit to the washroom after the plane was on autopilot. He was only out for a few seconds when the plane started diving down. The copilot was not responding to open the cockpit door. Finally the commander opened the door with an emergency access code and entered. The flight was then stabilised and landed safely later. The reasons for the incident was that the copilot, while adjusting his seat, inadvertently pushed the control column, resulting in the plane diving down. He then reportedly panicked and could not open the cockpit door for the commander to enter. The investigation report has great parallels to process safety. On reading the report the following facts emerge:

1. The commander when asked why he left the cockpit to the washroom without asking the cabin steward to be in the cockpit (as is standard practice in the aviation industry – not to leave any pilot alone in the cockpit) reported that it was not in the SOP.
2. The co pilot has reportedly told investigators that he panicked when the dive occurred and the overspeed alarm was blaring.
3. The simulator training given to qualify the pilots does not include the scenario of autopilot engaged and control column pushed inadvertently.
4. The position of chief of training for Air India has been lying vacant since June 2008.

Lessons to be learnt:

1. Make sure your SOP’s are current
2. The age of the copilot was 26 years old. He panicked when the situation occurred as he was not trained to handle the situation.Make sure your control room operators are properly trained in all scenarios. Use simulator training to educate them
3. Make sure critical positions like process safety, training and HR (other than operations) are filled up with competent personnel.

Read the full report in this link. Kudos to the DGCA for putting the report up on their website!! The transparency of the government may, I hope, slowly result in the formation of an investigating agency like the CSB for investigating chemical incidents in India!

Beware of that spark!

Electrical hazardous area classification is often a confusing item for plant personnel. They are more familiar with pressures, temperatures and the like. But basic understanding of the different terminologies should be understood. An article mentions the following:
"Installing electrical and automation panels in hazardous areas requires use of one of three protection methods: explosion-proofing (EXD), purge and pressurization (EXP) or intrinsic safety (IS).
EXD contains the pressure of the explosion, and then cools it through a critical flame path to a level that will not ignite the surrounding environment.
EXP protects the environment by segregating hazardous material from the ignition source before equipment is powered. First, explosive mixtures are purged from the enclosure; then a positive pressure is maintained inside the enclosure to insure hazardous gasses do not propagate back in during operation.
IS protection limits the energy entering the hazardous area to a level incapable of igniting the easiest ignitable concentrations of gas/air mixtures under fault conditions".
Read more of the article in this link.

Incident at DuPont plant hospitalises two

An article mentions that two workers were exposed to monomethyl amine which was released from a railcar sample line while taking sample.
Read the full article in this link

Fire in a chlor alkali plant and citations from OSHA

A blast in a chlor alkali plant in China has been reported to have killed three people. Resons are being investigated. Read the article in this link.
In another development, OSHA has cited Huntsman Petrochemical of Houston Texas of violations in PSM. The article is quoted below:
"OSHA began its investigation June 7 in response to an incident in one of the company’s process units.Alleged serious violations include failing to incorporate operating procedures for all safety devices in the company’s operating guide; adequately train employees in safe operating procedures; properly shut down process equipment; identify and isolate all energy sources to the equipment; and to ensure lockout/tagout energy isolating devices such as line valves prior to employees performing maintenance on the equipment. A serious citation is issued when there is a substantial probability that death or serious physical harm could result from a hazard about which the employer knew or should have known. The company has 15 business days from receipt of the citations to comply, request an informal conference with OSHA’s area director in Houston, or contest the citations and penalties before the independent Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission".

Read the article in this link.

Fire in natural gas furnace in ammonia plant

A news report mentions a in a furnace in an ammonia plant due to rupture of a natural gas pipeline.
When I was shift in charge in an ammonia plant 30 years ago, we used to light up the start up heater for heating up the ammonia convertor. This furnace was a natural draft and naphtha fuel fired design. We used to keep increasing the firing while closely monitoring the rate of heating up. The pressure in the gas coil was 220 Kg/cm2. The burner flames used to be coming out of the top of the stack during the final phases of heating. Luckily we never had any incident of coil rupture in this heater or otherwise I would not be here today!!
Furnace can Kill if you mistreat them. Read your operating instructions, have your protection systems maintained and conduct periodic inspection of the coils.
Read the article in this link.